An addiction to alcohol is more than simply drinking too much; it is a dependency on alcohol from the body that can lead to nausea and immense anxiety when it is withdrawn. On top of this it puts a huge strain on relationships, work commitments, and general day-to-day activities. But while the symptoms of alcoholism are clear and apparent, the causes of alcoholism are not.
It is easier to think of potential causes of alcoholism as risk factors. Many people responsibly enjoy drinking but certain things may trigger the development of alcohol dependency. High levels of stress, depression, and low self-esteem have all been linked to underlying problems in alcoholics.
For example, heavy drinking in the short term as a response to the death of a close family member isn’t alcoholism, but there is a risk this initial use of alcohol to cope with the emotional shock develops into a greater dependency. With the help of a therapist, undergoing something known as cognitive behaviour therapy may help someone experiencing emotional problems find other coping strategies, minimising the risk of alcoholism progressing.
As with most conditions, it is thought a hereditary link may also be party responsible for alcoholism. Around 30% of men who have an alcoholic parent will go on to be alcoholic themselves (there is a weaker link among women). While it is very possible that it is not the genetic make-up that is responsible for this but rather learned behaviour, or a traumatic childhood, evidence for a genetic link has been found in studies carried out on identical twins separated at birth. This genetic link may account for the fact that many alcoholics have insulin resistance syndrome (a problem processing sugars).
This of course does not guarantee that if a family member was an alcoholic you will be too, it just means that you should be aware that statistically you are at a higher risk. Just as people who are aware they are at a high risk of developing other medical conditions may modify their lifestyle slightly, it is advisable that speaking to a GP about any concerns will give you the assurance that help is available should you need it. Equally, alcoholism has the potential to affect anybody, even those who don’t appear to fall into any of the risk categories – advice services are always there for anybody who is concerned.
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